Korean Grammar
116 topics across 3 levels
-(으)ㄹ수록
Advanced...जति ...उति (the more...the more)
The more... the more...
Examples
공부할수록 더 어려워요.
The more I study, the harder it gets. / The more you eat...
जति पढ्यो उति गाह्रो।
한국어는 배울수록 재미있어요.
The more you learn Korean, the more fun it gets.
कोरियन जति सिक्यो उति रमाइलो हुन्छ।
시간이 지날수록 그리워져요.
The more time passes, the more I miss it.
समय बित्दै जाँदा झन् याद आउँछ।
생각할수록 화가 나요.
The more I think about it, the angrier I get.
जति सोच्यो उति रिस उठ्छ।
돈은 많으면 많을수록 좋아요.
The more money, the better.
पैसा जति धेरै भयो उति राम्रो।
-(으)ㄹ 수밖에 없다
Advanced...गर्न बाहेक विकल्प छैन (no choice but to)
No choice but to
Examples
차가 없어서 걸어갈 수밖에 없어요.
I have no car, so I have no choice but to walk.
गाडी नभएकाले हिँड्नु बाहेक छैन।
너무 비싸서 포기할 수밖에 없었어요.
It was too expensive, so I had no choice but to give up.
धेरै महँगो भएकाले छोड्नुबाहेक उपाय थिएन।
시간이 없어서 택시를 탈 수밖에 없어요.
There's no time, so I have no choice but to take a taxi.
समय नभएकाले ट्याक्सी चढ्नुबाहेक उपाय छैन।
그 얘기를 듣고 웃을 수밖에 없었어요.
Hearing that, I couldn't help but laugh.
त्यो कुरा सुनेर हाँस्नुबाहेक केही गर्न सकिनँ।
규칙이니까 따를 수밖에 없어요.
It's a rule, so we have no choice but to follow it.
नियम भएकाले पालना गर्नुबाहेक उपाय छैन।
-는 줄 알다/모르다
Advanced...हो भन्ने थाहा थियो/थिएन
Knew / didn't know that...
Examples
그가 선생님인 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn't know he was a teacher.
उहाँ शिक्षक हुनुहुन्छ भन्ने थाहा थिएन।
오늘 시험이 있는 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn't know there was an exam today.
आज परीक्षा छ भन्ने थाहा थिएन।
비가 오는 줄 알았어요.
I thought it was raining.
पानी परिरहेको छ भन्ठानेको थिएँ।
그렇게 어려운 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn't know it was that difficult.
त्यति गाह्रो छ भन्ने थाहा थिएन।
한국어를 할 줄 아는 줄 몰랐어요.
I didn't know you could speak Korean.
तपाईं कोरियन बोल्न सक्नुहुन्छ भन्ने थाहा थिएन।
얼마나 -(으)ㄴ/는지 모르다
Advancedकति धेरै ...छ भन्न सकिँदैन (so...that)
You have no idea how... (so...that)
Examples
얼마나 힘든지 모르겠어요.
You have no idea how hard it is.
कति गाह्रो छ भन्नु पो?
얼마나 기뻤는지 몰라요.
You have no idea how happy I was.
म कति खुसी भएँ, भनिसाध्य छैन।
그 영화가 얼마나 슬픈지 몰라요.
You have no idea how sad that movie is.
त्यो चलचित्र कति दुःखलाग्दो छ, भनिसाध्य छैन।
요즘 얼마나 바쁜지 몰라요.
You have no idea how busy I am these days.
आजकल म कति व्यस्त छु, भनिसाध्य छैन।
어머니가 얼마나 걱정하셨는지 몰라요.
You have no idea how worried mother was.
आमा कति चिन्तित हुनुभयो, भनिसाध्य छैन।
-던 (과거 습관/미완료)
Advancedअतीतमा गर्ने गरिन्थ्यो वा अधूरो क्रिया जनाउने
Past habit or unfinished action (used to)
Examples
어렸을 때 살던 집에 가 보고 싶어요.
I want to visit the house I used to live in as a child.
बाल्यकालमा बस्थेँ त्यो घर हेर्न जान मन छ।
이 노래는 제가 자주 듣던 노래예요.
This is a song I used to listen to often.
यो मैले धेरै सुन्ने गरेको गीत हो।
마시던 커피가 어디 갔지요?
Where did the coffee I was drinking go?
मैले पिउँदै गरेको कफी कहाँ गयो?
어제 읽던 책을 계속 읽었어요.
I continued the book I was reading yesterday.
हिजो पढ्दै गरेको किताब फेरि पढेँ।
학교 다니던 시절이 그리워요.
I miss my school days.
विद्यालय जाने बेला याद आउँछ।
-(으)ㄹ 정도로
Advanced...सम्मको हदसम्म / ...को हदसम्म
To the extent that / so much that
Examples
죽을 정도로 배가 고파요.
I'm so hungry I could die.
मर्ने गरी भोक लागेको छ।
눈물이 날 정도로 감동했어요.
I was moved to the point of tears.
आँसु आउने गरी छोयो।
걷기 힘들 정도로 다리가 아파요.
My legs hurt so much that it's hard to walk.
हिँड्नै गाह्रो हुने गरी खुट्टा दुख्छ।
목이 아플 정도로 노래를 불렀어요.
I sang until my throat hurt.
घाँटी दुख्ने गरी गीत गाएँ।
밤을 새울 정도로 그 책이 재미있었어요.
That book was so interesting I stayed up all night.
रातभर नसुत्ने गरी त्यो किताब रोचक थियो।
-(으)ㄹ 겸 -(으)ㄹ 겸
Advancedदुई उद्देश्य एकसाथ
Doing something with two purposes at once
Examples
선물도 전해줄 겸 인사도 할 겸 들렀어요.
I stopped by both to deliver a gift and to say hello.
उपहार दिन र अभिवादन गर्न दुवैकालागि आएँ।
바람도 쐴 겸 산책도 할 겸 나갔어요.
I went out to get some air and take a walk.
हावा खान र हिँडडुल गर्न भनेर बाहिर निस्केँ।
친구도 만날 겸 쇼핑도 할 겸 시내에 갔어요.
I went downtown to meet a friend and also do shopping.
साथी भेट्न र किनमेल गर्न सहर गएँ।
한국어도 배울 겸 일도 할 겸 한국에 왔어요.
I came to Korea to learn Korean and also to work.
कोरियन सिक्न र काम गर्न भनेर कोरिया आएँ।
운동도 할 겸 걸어서 출근해요.
I walk to work, partly for exercise.
व्यायाम पनि हुने भएकाले हिँडेरै काममा जान्छु।
-(으)ㄹ 뻔하다
Advanced...हुन लाग्थ्यो तर भएन (almost did)
Almost happened but didn't
Examples
학교에 지각할 뻔했어요.
I almost was late for school.
विद्यालयमा ढिला हुन लाग्थ्यो।
계단에서 넘어질 뻔했어요.
I almost fell on the stairs.
भर्याङमा झन्डै लडेको।
비밀을 말할 뻔했어요.
I almost told the secret.
झन्डै गोप्य कुरा भनेको।
버스를 놓칠 뻔했어요.
I almost missed the bus.
झन्डै बस छुटेको।
교통사고가 날 뻔했어요.
There was almost a traffic accident.
झन्डै दुर्घटना भएको।
-고 말다
Advancedअन्तमा ...गरी नै छोड्यो (ended up doing)
Ended up doing something (often regrettably)
Examples
결국 울고 말았어요.
In the end, I ended up crying.
अन्तमा रोई नै छोडेँ।
다이어트 중인데 케이크를 먹고 말았어요.
I'm on a diet, but I ended up eating cake.
डाइटमा थिएँ तर केक खाइहालेँ।
중요한 서류를 잃어버리고 말았어요.
I ended up losing the important documents.
महत्त्वपूर्ण कागजात हराइहालेँ।
끝까지 참지 못하고 화를 내고 말았어요.
I couldn't hold it in and ended up getting angry.
अन्त्यसम्म सहन नसकेर रिसाइहालेँ।
그 회사는 결국 문을 닫고 말았어요.
That company ended up closing down.
त्यो कम्पनी अन्ततः बन्द भइहाल्यो।
-(으)ㄴ/는 척하다
Advanced...गरेको जस्तो गर्ने / नाटक गर्ने
Pretending to do or be something
Examples
모르는 척했어요.
I pretended not to know.
थाहा नभएको जस्तो गरेँ।
자는 척했어요.
I pretended to be asleep.
सुतेको बहाना गरेँ।
그는 바쁜 척해요.
He pretends to be busy.
ऊ व्यस्त भएको बहाना गर्छ।
아픈 척하지 마세요.
Don't pretend to be sick.
बिरामी भएको बहाना नगर्नुहोस्।
그 사람을 못 본 척했어요.
I pretended not to see that person.
त्यो मान्छेलाई नदेखेको बहाना गरेँ।
-치고
Advanced...भएको हिसाबले / ...को तुलनामा असामान्य
Considering that / unusually for (a group)
Examples
한국 사람치고 그 노래를 모르는 사람이 없다.
There is no Korean who doesn't know that song.
कोरियन भएर त्यो गीत नजान्ने कोही छैन।
겨울치고 따뜻한 날씨예요.
For winter, the weather is warm.
हिउँदको तुलनामा न्यानो मौसम छ।
초보자치고 잘하네요.
For a beginner, you're doing well.
नौसिखियाको तुलनामा राम्रो गर्नुहुन्छ।
학생치고 돈이 많아요.
For a student, he has a lot of money.
विद्यार्थीको तुलनामा उससँग धेरै पैसा छ।
외국인치고 발음이 정말 좋아요.
For a foreigner, your pronunciation is really good.
विदेशीको तुलनामा उच्चारण साँच्चै राम्रो छ।
-았/었더니
Advancedभूतकालमा गरेको कार्यको परिणाम
Result of an action done in the past (when I did..., then...)
Examples
약을 먹었더니 나았어요.
After I took the medicine, I got better.
औषधि खाएपछि निको भएँ।
아침에 일찍 일어났더니 피곤해요.
I woke up early, and now I'm tired.
बिहान चाँडै उठेकाले थकाइ लागेको छ।
오랜만에 운동했더니 몸이 아파요.
I exercised after a long time, and now my body aches.
धेरै समयपछि व्यायाम गर्दा जीउ दुखेको छ।
창문을 열었더니 시원해졌어요.
I opened the window, and it became cool.
झ्याल खोलेपछि शीतल भयो।
커피를 많이 마셨더니 잠이 안 와요.
I drank a lot of coffee, and now I can't sleep.
धेरै कफी पिएकाले निद्रा लाग्दैन।
-(으)ㄹ래야 -(으)ㄹ 수 없다
Advancedजतिसुकै गर्न खोजे पनि गर्न नसकिने
Cannot do something no matter how hard one tries
Examples
잊으려야 잊을 수 없어요.
I can't forget it even if I try.
बिर्सन खोजे पनि बिर्सन सकिँदैन।
그 맛은 잊으려야 잊을 수 없어요.
I can't forget that taste no matter how hard I try.
त्यो स्वाद बिर्सन खोजे पनि बिर्सन सकिँदैन।
바빠서 만나려야 만날 수 없어요.
We're so busy we can't meet even if we try.
व्यस्त भएकाले भेट्न खोजे पनि भेट्न सकिँदैन।
그 사람은 미워하려야 미워할 수 없어요.
I can't hate that person even if I try.
त्यो मान्छेलाई घृणा गर्न खोजे पनि गर्न सकिँदैन।
너무 시끄러워서 자려야 잘 수 없었어요.
It was so noisy I couldn't sleep even if I tried.
धेरै हल्ला भएर सुत्न खोजे पनि सुत्न सकिनँ।
-길래
Advancedअवलोकन गरेर कारण दिने (reaction to observed situation)
Giving a reason based on an observed situation (seeing that / since)
Examples
전화를 해도 안 받길래 집으로 찾아갔어요.
They didn't answer even when I called, so I went to their house.
फोन उठाएनन् त्यसैले घरमा खोज्न गएँ।
사과가 싸길래 많이 샀어요.
Apples were cheap, so I bought a lot.
स्याउ सस्तो देखेर धेरै किनेँ।
비가 오길래 우산을 가져왔어요.
I saw it was raining, so I brought an umbrella.
पानी परेको देखेर छाता ल्याएँ।
맛있어 보이길래 하나 사 먹었어요.
It looked delicious, so I bought one and ate it.
मीठो देखिएकाले एउटा किनेर खाएँ।
친구가 울길래 이유를 물어봤어요.
My friend was crying, so I asked why.
साथी रोएको देखेर कारण सोधेँ।
-았/었더라면
Advanced...गरेको भए हुन्थ्यो (conditional regret)
Conditional regret about the past (if only... had...)
Examples
열심히 공부했더라면 좋은 성적을 받았을 텐데.
If I had studied hard, I would have gotten good grades.
मेहनत गरेको भए राम्रो नतिजा पाउँथेँ।
일찍 출발했더라면 늦지 않았을 거예요.
If I had left early, I wouldn't have been late.
चाँडै हिँडेको भए ढिलो हुने थिएन।
우산을 가져왔더라면 비를 안 맞았을 텐데.
If I had brought an umbrella, I wouldn't have gotten wet.
छाता ल्याएको भए भिज्नुपर्ने थिएन।
그때 그 말을 안 했더라면 좋았을 텐데.
It would have been better if I hadn't said that then.
त्यति बेला त्यो कुरा नभनेको भए हुने थियो।
돈을 모았더라면 집을 살 수 있었을 거예요.
If I had saved money, I could have bought a house.
पैसा जम्मा गरेको भए घर किन्न सकिन्थ्यो।
-(ㄴ/는)다면 / -(이)라면
Advanced...गरेको हो भने (hypothetical if)
Hypothetical condition (if)
Examples
열심히 노력한다면 꿈을 이룰 수 있어요.
If you work hard, you can achieve your dream.
मेहनत गर्यो भने सपना पूरा गर्न सकिन्छ।
내가 부자라면 세계 여행을 할 거예요.
If I were rich, I would travel the world.
म धनी भएको भए विश्व भ्रमण गर्थेँ।
시간이 있다면 도와주세요.
If you have time, please help.
समय छ भने मद्दत गर्नुहोस्।
내일 날씨가 좋다면 소풍을 갑시다.
If the weather is good tomorrow, let's go on a picnic.
भोलि मौसम राम्रो भयो भने वनभोज जाऔँ।
다시 태어난다면 가수가 되고 싶어요.
If I were born again, I'd want to be a singer.
फेरि जन्मिएँ भने गायक बन्न चाहन्छु।
-(으)ㄹ까 봐
Advanced...होला भनेर डर / चिन्ता
Worry or fear that something might happen (afraid that)
Examples
늦을까 봐 일찍 출발했어요.
I left early, afraid I might be late.
ढिला होला भनेर चाँडै निस्केँ।
시험에 떨어질까 봐 걱정이에요.
I'm worried I might fail the exam.
परीक्षामा फेल हुन्छु कि भनेर चिन्ता छ।
아이가 감기에 걸릴까 봐 옷을 따뜻하게 입혔어요.
Afraid the child might catch a cold, I dressed him warmly.
बच्चालाई रुघा लाग्छ कि भनेर न्यानो लुगा लगाइदिएँ।
길이 막힐까 봐 지하철을 탔어요.
Afraid the roads might be jammed, I took the subway.
बाटो जाम हुन्छ कि भनेर मेट्रो चढेँ।
잊어버릴까 봐 메모해 놓았어요.
Afraid I might forget, I wrote it down.
बिर्सन्छु कि भनेर टिपेर राखेँ।
-(으)ㄹ지도 모르다
Advanced...हुनसक्छ (might / perhaps)
Might / perhaps (uncertain possibility)
Examples
내일 비가 올지도 모르겠어요.
It might rain tomorrow.
भोलि पानी पर्नसक्छ होला।
오후에 손님이 올지도 몰라요.
A guest might come in the afternoon.
दिउँसो पाहुना आउन सक्छन्।
그 가게는 오늘 문을 안 열지도 몰라요.
That store might not open today.
त्यो पसल आज नखुल्न पनि सक्छ।
저는 내년에 한국에 갈지도 몰라요.
I might go to Korea next year.
म अर्को वर्ष कोरिया जान पनि सक्छु।
지금 출발해도 늦을지도 몰라요.
Even if we leave now, we might be late.
अहिले हिँडे पनि ढिलो हुन सक्छ।
-는 셈이다
Advanced...जत्तिकै हो / ...को बराबर छ
Practically amounts to / is as good as
Examples
매일 운동하니 건강한 셈이에요.
Since I exercise every day, I'm practically healthy.
प्रतिदिन व्यायाम गर्छु त स्वस्थ नै छु भन्नू।
이 가격이면 거의 공짜인 셈이에요.
At this price, it's practically free.
यो मूल्यमा त लगभग सित्तैँ पाएसरह हो।
십 년 살았으니 서울 사람인 셈이에요.
Having lived here ten years, I'm practically a Seoulite.
दस वर्ष बसेकाले म सोलकै मान्छेसरह भएँ।
숙제를 다 했으니 오늘 할 일은 끝난 셈이에요.
Having finished my homework, today's work is as good as done.
गृहकार्य सकेकाले आजको काम सकिएसरह हो।
매일 만나니까 가족인 셈이에요.
Since we meet every day, we're practically family.
दिनहुँ भेट्ने भएकाले हामी परिवारसरह हौँ।
-는 법이다
Advanced...गर्ने नियम नै हो / स्वाभाविक हो
It is natural that / it's the way things are (bound to)
Examples
사람은 실수를 하는 법이에요.
People are bound to make mistakes.
मानिसले गल्ती गर्नु स्वाभाविक हो।
노력하면 성공하는 법이에요.
If you work hard, you're bound to succeed.
मिहिनेत गरे सफल भइन्छ नै।
시간이 지나면 잊혀지는 법이에요.
With time, things are bound to be forgotten.
समय बितेपछि बिर्सिइन्छ नै।
겨울이 가면 봄이 오는 법이에요.
When winter goes, spring is bound to come.
हिउँद गएपछि वसन्त आउँछ नै।
급하게 먹으면 체하는 법이에요.
If you eat in a hurry, you're bound to get indigestion.
हतारमा खाए पेट बिग्रिन्छ नै।
-(으)ㄹ 리 없다 / 있다
Advanced...हुने सम्भावना छैन / छ
There is no way / there is a possibility that
Examples
그가 거짓말할 리 없어요.
There's no way he would lie.
उसले झूठ बोल्ने कुरै छैन।
민수가 약속을 잊을 리 없어요.
There's no way Minsu forgot the promise.
मिनसुले वाचा बिर्सने कुरै छैन।
그 소문이 사실일 리 없어요.
There's no way that rumor is true.
त्यो हल्ला साँचो हुने कुरै छैन।
이 시간에 가게가 열려 있을 리 없어요.
There's no way the store is open at this hour.
यति बेला पसल खुला हुने कुरै छैन।
그가 그런 말을 했을 리 없어요.
There's no way he said such a thing.
उसले त्यस्तो कुरा भन्ने कुरै छैन।
-고서야
Advanced...गरेपछि मात्र (only after)
Only after doing something
Examples
졸업을 하고서야 일자리를 구했어요.
Only after graduating did I find a job.
स्नातक गरेपछि मात्र काम पाएँ।
설명을 듣고서야 이해했어요.
Only after hearing the explanation did I understand.
व्याख्या सुनेपछि मात्र बुझेँ।
밤이 되고서야 일이 끝났어요.
Only when night came did the work end.
रात परेपछि मात्र काम सकियो।
아이가 잠들고서야 쉴 수 있었어요.
Only after the child fell asleep could I rest.
बच्चा निदाएपछि मात्र आराम गर्न पाएँ।
병원에 가고서야 병을 알았어요.
Only after going to the hospital did I learn of the illness.
अस्पताल गएपछि मात्र रोग थाहा भयो।
-(으)면서도
Advanced...गर्दागर्दै पनि (even while doing)
Even while doing something (contradictory action)
Examples
알면서도 모르는 척했어요.
Even though I knew, I pretended not to.
थाहा हुँदाहुँदै पनि नजानेझैँ गरेँ।
사실을 알면서도 말하지 않았어요.
Even though I knew the truth, I didn't say it.
सत्य थाहा हुँदाहुँदै पनि भनिनँ।
바쁘면서도 도와줬어요.
Even while busy, he helped.
व्यस्त हुँदाहुँदै पनि मद्दत गर्यो।
무서우면서도 계속 봤어요.
Even though scared, I kept watching.
डर लाग्दालाग्दै पनि हेरिरहेँ।
미안하면서도 사과하지 못했어요.
Even while feeling sorry, I couldn't apologize.
दोषी महसुस गर्दागर्दै पनि माफी माग्न सकिनँ।
-(으)ㄹ 바에야
Advanced...गर्नुभन्दा यो गरे बेस (if it comes to that)
Rather than (doing that), it's better to... (if it comes to that)
Examples
이렇게 살 바에야 차라리 죽겠어요.
Rather than live like this, I'd rather die.
यसरी बाँच्नुभन्दा त मर्नु नै बेस।
대충 할 바에야 안 하는 게 나아요.
Rather than doing it half-heartedly, it's better not to do it.
हेलचेक्र्याइँले गर्नुभन्दा त नगर्नु नै बेस।
버릴 바에야 저한테 주세요.
Rather than throwing it away, give it to me.
फाल्नुभन्दा त मलाई दिनुहोस्।
늦게 갈 바에야 안 가는 게 나아요.
Rather than going late, it's better not to go.
ढिलो जानुभन्दा त नजानु नै बेस।
그 사람하고 일할 바에야 혼자 하겠어요.
Rather than working with that person, I'd work alone.
त्यो मान्छेसँग काम गर्नुभन्दा त एक्लै गर्छु।
-다시피
Advanced...गरेजस्तै / जस्तो थाहा छ नि (as you know)
As (you can see / as you know)
Examples
보다시피 여기는 정말 복잡해요.
As you can see, this place is really crowded.
देखेजस्तै यहाँ साँच्चै झन्झटिलो छ।
아시다시피 요즘 경제가 어려워요.
As you know, the economy is difficult these days.
तपाईंलाई थाहा भएझैँ आजकल अर्थतन्त्र कठिन छ।
보시다시피 사무실이 아주 작아요.
As you can see, the office is very small.
देख्नुभएझैँ कार्यालय निकै सानो छ।
말씀드렸다시피 내일은 쉬는 날입니다.
As I mentioned, tomorrow is a day off.
मैले भनेझैँ भोलि बिदाको दिन हो।
그는 도서관에서 살다시피 해요.
He practically lives in the library.
ऊ त पुस्तकालयमै बसेजस्तै गर्छ।
-는 데다가
Advanced...मात्र होइन थप ...(in addition to)
In addition to / on top of
Examples
비가 오는 데다가 바람도 심해요.
It's raining, and on top of that the wind is strong.
पानी परिरहेको छ र थप हावा पनि चलिरहेको छ।
이 식당은 맛있는 데다가 값도 싸요.
This restaurant is delicious, and on top of that, cheap.
यो रेस्टुरेन्ट मीठो छ, त्यसमाथि सस्तो पनि छ।
그는 똑똑한 데다가 성실해요.
He is smart, and moreover diligent.
ऊ बुद्धिमान् छ, त्यसमाथि इमानदार पनि छ।
피곤한 데다가 배도 고파요.
I'm tired, and on top of that, hungry.
थकित छु, त्यसमाथि भोक पनि लागेको छ।
눈이 오는 데다가 길도 얼었어요.
It's snowing, and on top of that, the roads are frozen.
हिउँ परिरहेको छ, त्यसमाथि बाटो पनि जमेको छ।
-거니와
Advanced...मात्र होइन ...पनि (formal: not only)
Not only... but also (formal)
Examples
실력이 뛰어나거니와 성격도 좋아요.
Not only are they highly skilled, they also have a good personality.
दक्षता उत्कृष्ट मात्र होइन/ स्वभाव पनि राम्रो छ।
이 집은 위치도 좋거니와 가격도 적당해요.
This house has a good location, and moreover a reasonable price.
यो घरको स्थान पनि राम्रो छ, मूल्य पनि उपयुक्त छ।
그는 공부도 잘하거니와 운동도 잘해요.
He studies well, and also plays sports well.
ऊ पढाइमा पनि राम्रो छ, खेलकुदमा पनि राम्रो छ।
날씨도 좋거니와 경치도 아름다워요.
The weather is nice, and the scenery is beautiful too.
मौसम पनि राम्रो छ, दृश्य पनि सुन्दर छ।
음식이 맛있거니와 서비스도 훌륭해요.
The food is delicious, and the service is excellent too.
खाना मीठो छ, सेवा पनि उत्कृष्ट छ।
-(으)ㄹ망정
Advanced...भए पनि (concessive/ literary)
Even if / although (concessive, literary)
Examples
가난할망정 정직하게 살겠습니다.
Even if I am poor, I will live honestly.
गरीब भए पनि इमान्दारीसाथ बाँच्नेछु।
굶을망정 남의 것은 훔치지 않아요.
Even if I starve, I won't steal from others.
भोकै बसे पनि अरूको चोर्दिनँ।
시험에 떨어질망정 부정행위는 안 해요.
Even if I fail the exam, I won't cheat.
परीक्षामा फेल भए पनि छलकपट गर्दिनँ।
돈은 없을망정 마음은 부자예요.
Though I have no money, I'm rich at heart.
पैसा नभए पनि मन धनी छ।
늦을망정 포기하지는 않겠어요.
Even if I'm late, I won't give up.
ढिलो भए पनि हार मान्दिनँ।
-뿐더러
Advanced...गरेको मात्र होइन/ थप ...(furthermore)
Not only... furthermore (adds more information)
Examples
그는 노래를 잘할 뿐더러 춤도 잘 춰요.
He not only sings well but also dances well.
उसले गीत मात्र राम्रो गाउँदैन/ नाच पनि राम्रो गर्छ।
그 배우는 잘생겼을뿐더러 연기도 잘해요.
That actor is not only handsome but also acts well.
त्यो अभिनेता राम्रो देखिने मात्र होइन, अभिनय पनि राम्रो गर्छ।
이 일은 힘들뿐더러 위험해요.
This work is not only hard but also dangerous.
यो काम गाह्रो मात्र होइन, खतरनाक पनि छ।
그녀는 친절할뿐더러 똑똑해요.
She is not only kind but also smart.
उनी दयालु मात्र होइन, बुद्धिमती पनि छिन्।
이 과일은 쌀뿐더러 맛도 좋아요.
This fruit is not only cheap but also tasty.
यो फल सस्तो मात्र होइन, मीठो पनि छ।
-건대 (formal opinion)
Advancedमेरो विचार/अनुमानमा (in my view/ formal)
In my view / I believe (formal opinion)
Examples
생각건대 이 방법이 최선입니다.
In my view, this method is the best.
मेरो विचारमा यो तरिका सर्वोत्तम हो।
바라건대 모두 건강하시기 바랍니다.
I hope that everyone stays healthy.
आशा छ, सबै स्वस्थ रहनुहुनेछ।
단언하건대 그는 성공할 것입니다.
I assert that he will succeed.
म दाबीका साथ भन्छु, ऊ सफल हुनेछ।
짐작하건대 회의는 길어질 것 같습니다.
I presume the meeting will run long.
मेरो अनुमानमा बैठक लामो हुनेछ।
확신하건대 이 계획은 성공합니다.
I'm confident this plan will succeed.
म विश्वस्त छु, यो योजना सफल हुन्छ।
-(으)ㄹ진대
Advanced...भएकाले / भएपछि (since/given that/ formal)
Since / given that (formal, literary)
Examples
이미 시작했을진대 끝까지 해야지요.
Since you've already started, you should see it through to the end.
सुरु गरिसकेको भएकाले अन्त्यसम्म गर्नुपर्छ।
최선을 다했을진대 후회는 없습니다.
Given that I did my best, I have no regrets.
पूरा प्रयास गरिसकेको हुनाले पछुतो छैन।
약속을 했을진대 지켜야 합니다.
Given that a promise was made, it must be kept.
वाचा गरिसकेपछि पालना गर्नैपर्छ।
학생일진대 공부에 힘써야지요.
Since you are a student, you should devote yourself to studying.
विद्यार्थी भएपछि पढाइमा मिहिनेत गर्नुपर्छ।
부모일진대 자식 걱정을 안 할 수 없지요.
Being a parent, one cannot help but worry about their children.
आमाबुबा भएपछि छोराछोरीको चिन्ता नगरी बस्न सकिँदैन।
이다 / 이에요 / 예요
Beginnerपहिचान वा परिचय जनाउने संरचना
Structure used to state identity or introduce something (to be)
Examples
저는 학생이에요.
I am a student.
म विद्यार्थी हुँ।
이것은 책이에요.
This is a book.
यो किताब हो।
저분은 우리 선생님이에요.
That person is our teacher.
उहाँ हाम्रो शिक्षक हुनुहुन्छ।
제 이름은 민수예요.
My name is Minsu.
मेरो नाम मिनसु हो।
여기는 도서관이에요.
This place is a library.
यो ठाउँ पुस्तकालय हो।
있다 / 없다
Beginnerअस्तित्व वा उपलब्धता जनाउने (छ / छैन)
Expresses existence or availability (there is / there isn't)
Examples
책이 있어요. / 시간이 없어요.
There is a book. / I don't have time.
पुस्तक छ। / समय छैन।
교실에 학생이 있어요.
There are students in the classroom.
कक्षामा विद्यार्थीहरू छन्।
오늘은 수업이 없어요.
There is no class today.
आज कक्षा छैन।
집에 고양이가 있어요.
There is a cat at home.
घरमा बिरालो छ।
지금은 돈이 없어요.
I don't have money right now.
अहिले मसँग पैसा छैन।
은/는 (विषय चिन्ह)
Beginnerविषय वा तुलना जनाउने particle
Topic or contrast marker particle
Examples
저는 한국 사람이 아니에요.
I am not Korean.
म चाहिँ कोरियन होइन।
오늘은 날씨가 좋아요.
As for today, the weather is nice.
आज चाहिँ मौसम राम्रो छ।
저는 커피를 좋아해요.
I like coffee.
म चाहिँ कफी मन पराउँछु।
형은 회사원이고 저는 학생이에요.
My older brother is an office worker, and I am a student.
दाइ चाहिँ कम्पनी कर्मचारी हुनुहुन्छ, म चाहिँ विद्यार्थी हुँ।
김치는 조금 매워요.
Kimchi is a little spicy.
किम्ची चाहिँ अलि पिरो छ।
이/가 (कर्ता चिन्ह)
Beginnerकर्ता (subject) जनाउने particle
Subject marker particle
Examples
친구가 왔어요.
My friend came.
साथी आएको छ।
비가 와요.
It is raining.
पानी परिरहेको छ।
가방이 무거워요.
The bag is heavy.
झोला गह्रौँ छ।
동생이 한국에 살아요.
My younger sibling lives in Korea.
भाइ कोरियामा बस्छ।
문이 열려 있어요.
The door is open.
ढोका खुला छ।
이/가 아니에요 (होइन - Negative To Be)
Beginnerपहिचान वा परिचयको नकारात्मक रूप जनाउने। '이에요/예요' (हो) को विपरीत 'होइन' बुझाउन प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
Negative form of identity; means "is not", the opposite of 이에요/예요 (is)
Examples
저는 학생이 아니에요.
I am not a student.
म विद्यार्थी होइन।
이것은 제 가방이 아니에요.
This is not my bag.
यो मेरो झोला होइन।
그분은 의사가 아니에요.
That person is not a doctor.
उहाँ डाक्टर हुनुहुन्न।
여기는 식당이 아니에요.
This place is not a restaurant.
यो ठाउँ रेस्टुरेन्ट होइन।
오늘은 일요일이 아니에요.
Today is not Sunday.
आज आइतबार होइन।
을/를 (कर्म चिन्ह)
Beginnerकर्म (object) जनाउने particle
Object marker particle
Examples
밥을 먹어요.
I eat rice (a meal).
भात खान्छु।
저는 한국어를 공부해요.
I study Korean.
म कोरियन भाषा पढ्छु।
매일 아침 커피를 마셔요.
I drink coffee every morning.
हरेक बिहान कफी पिउँछु।
주말에 영화를 봤어요.
I watched a movie on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा चलचित्र हेरेँ।
친구를 기다리고 있어요.
I am waiting for my friend.
साथीलाई पर्खिरहेको छु।
에 (स्थान/समय)
Beginnerस्थान वा समय जनाउने particle
Particle indicating place or time
Examples
학교에 가요. / 세 시에 만나요.
I go to school. / Let's meet at 3 o'clock.
विद्यालयमा जान्छु। / तीन बजे भेट्छु।
아침 일곱 시에 일어나요.
I wake up at seven in the morning.
बिहान सात बजे उठ्छु।
주말에 시장에 가요.
I go to the market on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा बजार जान्छु।
책상 위에 컴퓨터가 있어요.
There is a computer on the desk.
टेबलमाथि कम्प्युटर छ।
다음 주에 시험이 있어요.
There is an exam next week.
अर्को हप्ता परीक्षा छ।
에서 (क्रिया स्थान / बाट)
Beginnerकार्य हुने स्थान वा उत्पत्ति जनाउने particle
Particle indicating the place where an action happens, or origin (from)
Examples
학교에서 공부해요.
I study at school.
विद्यालयमा पढ्छु।
식당에서 점심을 먹어요.
I eat lunch at a restaurant.
रेस्टुरेन्टमा दिउँसोको खाना खान्छु।
도서관에서 책을 읽어요.
I read books at the library.
पुस्तकालयमा किताब पढ्छु।
저는 네팔에서 왔어요.
I came from Nepal.
म नेपालबाट आएको हुँ।
회사에서 일해요.
I work at a company.
कम्पनीमा काम गर्छु।
-아요/-어요 (आदरार्थी वर्तमान)
Beginnerदैनिक बोलचालमा आदरार्थी वर्तमान काल
Polite present tense used in everyday speech
Examples
노래해요. / 먹어요.
I sing. / I eat.
गीत गाउँछु। / खान्छु।
매일 운동해요.
I exercise every day.
हरेक दिन व्यायाम गर्छु।
지금 음악을 들어요.
I am listening to music now.
अहिले सङ्गीत सुनिरहेको छु।
친구하고 이야기해요.
I talk with my friend.
साथीसँग कुरा गर्छु।
한국 음식을 좋아해요.
I like Korean food.
कोरियन खाना मन पराउँछु।
-ㅂ니다/-습니다 (औपचारिक)
Beginnerऔपचारिक लिखित वा उच्च आदरार्थी वर्तमान
Formal or highly polite present tense, used in writing and formal speech
Examples
저는 학생입니다.
I am a student.
म विद्यार्थी हुँ।
만나서 반갑습니다.
Nice to meet you.
भेटेर खुसी लाग्यो।
회사에서 일합니다.
I work at a company.
कम्पनीमा काम गर्छु।
내일 다시 오겠습니다.
I will come again tomorrow.
भोलि फेरि आउनेछु।
한국어를 배우고 있습니다.
I am learning Korean.
म कोरियन भाषा सिकिरहेको छु।
-았어요/-었어요 (भूतकाल)
Beginnerअतीतमा सम्पन्न भएको क्रिया जनाउने
Expresses an action completed in the past
Examples
어제 영화를 봤어요.
I watched a movie yesterday.
हिजो चलचित्र हेरेँ।
지난주에 부산에 갔어요.
I went to Busan last week.
गत हप्ता बुसान गएँ।
아침을 안 먹었어요.
I didn't eat breakfast.
बिहानको खाना खाइनँ।
어제 친구를 만났어요.
I met a friend yesterday.
हिजो साथीलाई भेटेँ।
주말에 집에서 쉬었어요.
I rested at home on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा घरमा आराम गरेँ।
-(으)ㄹ 거예요 (भविष्यत)
Beginnerभविष्यमा हुने योजना वा अनुमान जनाउने
Expresses a future plan or assumption
Examples
내일 친구를 만날 거예요.
I will meet a friend tomorrow.
भोलि साथीलाई भेट्नेछु।
다음 달에 한국에 갈 거예요.
I will go to Korea next month.
अर्को महिना कोरिया जानेछु।
오늘 저녁에 요리할 거예요.
I will cook this evening.
आज बेलुका खाना पकाउनेछु।
주말에 등산할 거예요.
I will go hiking on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा हाइकिङ जानेछु।
내년에 시험을 볼 거예요.
I will take the exam next year.
अर्को वर्ष परीक्षा दिनेछु।
안 / -지 않다 (नकारात्मक)
Beginnerनकारात्मकता जनाउने दुई तरिका
Two ways to express negation (do not)
Examples
공부 안 해요. / 공부하지 않아요.
I don't study. / I do not study.
पढ्दिन।
오늘은 학교에 안 가요.
I don't go to school today.
आज विद्यालय जान्न।
고기를 안 먹어요.
I don't eat meat.
मासु खान्न।
그 영화는 재미있지 않아요.
That movie is not interesting.
त्यो चलचित्र रमाइलो छैन।
요즘 바쁘지 않아요.
I am not busy these days.
आजकल व्यस्त छैन।
못 / -지 못하다 (अक्षमता)
Beginnerसामर्थ्यको अभाव जनाउने
Expresses inability (cannot)
Examples
수영 못 해요. / 몸이 아팠어요. 그래서 못 갔어요.
I can't swim. / I was sick, so I couldn't go.
पौडिन सक्दिन।
오늘은 바빠서 못 만나요.
I'm busy today, so I can't meet you.
आज व्यस्त भएकाले भेट्न सक्दिन।
매운 음식을 먹지 못해요.
I can't eat spicy food.
पिरो खाना खान सक्दिन।
어제 잠을 못 잤어요.
I couldn't sleep last night.
हिजो राति सुत्न सकिनँ।
아직 한자를 읽지 못해요.
I can't read Chinese characters yet.
अझै चिनियाँ अक्षर पढ्न सक्दिन।
도 (पनि)
Beginnerसमावेश जनाउने particle
Particle expressing inclusion (also/too)
Examples
저도 학생이에요.
I am also a student.
म पनि विद्यार्थी हुँ।
오늘도 비가 와요.
It is raining today too.
आज पनि पानी परिरहेको छ।
커피도 주세요.
Please give me coffee too.
कफी पनि दिनुहोस्।
동생도 한국어를 배워요.
My younger sibling also learns Korean.
भाइ पनि कोरियन सिक्छ।
저도 그 영화를 봤어요.
I also watched that movie.
मैले पनि त्यो चलचित्र हेरेँ।
하고 / 와 / 과 (र / संग)
Beginnerजोड्ने वा साथ जनाउने particle
Particles for connecting nouns (and / with)
Examples
빵하고 우유를 샀어요.
I bought bread and milk.
रोटी र दूध किनें।
친구하고 영화를 봤어요.
I watched a movie with my friend.
साथीसँग चलचित्र हेरेँ।
사과와 바나나를 좋아해요.
I like apples and bananas.
स्याउ र केरा मन पराउँछु।
선생님과 이야기했어요.
I talked with the teacher.
शिक्षकसँग कुरा गरेँ।
밥하고 김치를 먹었어요.
I ate rice and kimchi.
भात र किम्ची खाएँ।
-(으)로 (तिर / द्वारा)
Beginnerदिशा वा माध्यम जनाउने particle
Particle indicating direction or means (toward / by)
Examples
버스로 갔어요.
I went by bus.
बसले गएँ।
지하철로 회사에 가요.
I go to work by subway.
मेट्रोले अफिस जान्छु।
왼쪽으로 가세요.
Go to the left.
बायाँतिर जानुहोस्।
연필로 쓰세요.
Please write with a pencil.
सिसाकलमले लेख्नुहोस्।
한국어로 말해 주세요.
Please speak in Korean.
कोरियन भाषामा बोल्नुहोस्।
-고 (र / अनि जोड्ने)
Beginnerदुई क्रिया वा विचार जोड्ने संयोजक
Connector joining two actions or ideas (and)
Examples
밥을 먹고 잤어요.
I ate and then slept.
भात खाएर सुतें।
저는 사과를 먹고 동생은 빵을 먹어요.
I eat an apple and my younger sibling eats bread.
म स्याउ खान्छु र भाइ रोटी खान्छ।
숙제를 하고 텔레비전을 봤어요.
I did my homework and then watched TV.
गृहकार्य गरेर टिभी हेरेँ।
이 방은 크고 밝아요.
This room is big and bright.
यो कोठा ठूलो र उज्यालो छ।
손을 씻고 밥을 먹어요.
I wash my hands and then eat.
हात धोएर खाना खान्छु।
-지만 (तर)
Beginnerविपरीतता जनाउने संयोजक
Connector expressing contrast (but)
Examples
맛있지만 비싸요.
It's delicious but expensive.
स्वादिष्ट छ तर महँगो छ।
한국어는 어렵지만 재미있어요.
Korean is difficult but fun.
कोरियन भाषा गाह्रो छ तर रमाइलो छ।
피곤하지만 일해야 해요.
I'm tired, but I have to work.
थकित छु तर काम गर्नुपर्छ।
비가 오지만 나갈 거예요.
It's raining, but I will go out.
पानी परिरहेको छ तर बाहिर जानेछु।
그 가게는 작지만 물건이 많아요.
That store is small but has many things.
त्यो पसल सानो छ तर सामान धेरै छ।
-아서/-어서 (भएकोले / क्रम)
Beginnerकारण जनाउने वा क्रमिक क्रिया जोड्ने
Expresses a reason (because) or sequential actions
Examples
피곤해서 집에 갔어요.
I was tired, so I went home.
थकित भएकाले घर गएँ।
배가 고파서 밥을 먹었어요.
I was hungry, so I ate.
भोक लागेकाले खाना खाएँ।
늦어서 미안해요.
I'm sorry for being late.
ढिलो भएकोमा माफ गर्नुहोस्।
친구를 만나서 커피를 마셨어요.
I met my friend and drank coffee.
साथीलाई भेटेर कफी पिएँ।
시간이 없어서 택시를 탔어요.
I had no time, so I took a taxi.
समय नभएकाले ट्याक्सी चढेँ।
-고 싶다 (चाहना)
Beginnerइच्छा वा चाहना जनाउने
Expresses a wish or desire (want to)
Examples
여행하고 싶어요.
I want to travel.
यात्रा गर्न मन छ।
한국에 가고 싶어요.
I want to go to Korea.
कोरिया जान मन छ।
불고기를 먹고 싶어요.
I want to eat bulgogi.
बुल्गोगी खान मन छ।
좀 쉬고 싶어요.
I want to rest a bit.
अलि आराम गर्न मन छ।
새 차를 사고 싶어요.
I want to buy a new car.
नयाँ कार किन्न मन छ।
-(으)세요 (अनुरोध / निर्देश)
Beginnerआदरार्थी अनुरोध वा निर्देश जनाउने
Polite request or instruction
Examples
여기 앉으세요.
Please sit here.
यहाँ बस्नुहोस्।
천천히 말씀하세요.
Please speak slowly.
बिस्तारै बोल्नुहोस्।
이 약을 드세요.
Please take this medicine.
यो औषधि खानुहोस्।
창문을 닫으세요.
Please close the window.
झ्याल बन्द गर्नुहोस्।
안녕히 가세요.
Goodbye (go well).
सञ्चै जानुहोस् (बिदाइ)।
-(으)ㄹ까요? (सुझाव/अनुमान)
Beginnerसुझाव दिने वा अनुमान जनाउने प्रश्न
Question form for making a suggestion or guess (shall we?)
Examples
같이 갈까요?
Shall we go together?
सँगै जाने हो?
내일 만날까요?
Shall we meet tomorrow?
भोलि भेटौँ कि?
창문을 열까요?
Shall I open the window?
झ्याल खोलौँ कि?
뭘 먹을까요?
What shall we eat?
के खाऔँ?
내일 날씨가 좋을까요?
Will the weather be good tomorrow?
भोलि मौसम राम्रो होला?
-(으)ㄹ래요? (इच्छा/प्रस्ताव)
Beginnerइच्छा वा प्रस्ताव जनाउने
Expresses willingness or an offer (want to / would you like to?)
Examples
같이 먹을래요?
Do you want to eat together?
सँगै खाने हो?
커피 마실래요?
Would you like to drink coffee?
कफी पिउने हो?
주말에 영화 볼래요?
Do you want to watch a movie on the weekend?
सप्ताहन्तमा चलचित्र हेर्ने हो?
저는 집에서 쉴래요.
I'd like to rest at home.
म चाहिँ घरमै आराम गर्छु।
같이 갈래요?
Do you want to go together?
सँगै जाने हो?
에게 / 한테 (लाई / सँग)
Beginnerव्यक्तिलाई particle (लाई)
Particle marking a person as recipient (to)
Examples
친구에게 편지를 썼어요.
I wrote a letter to my friend.
साथीलाई चिठी लेखेँ।
동생한테 선물을 줬어요.
I gave a gift to my younger sibling.
भाइलाई उपहार दिएँ।
선생님에게 질문했어요.
I asked the teacher a question.
शिक्षकलाई प्रश्न सोधेँ।
부모님에게 전화했어요.
I called my parents.
आमाबुबालाई फोन गरेँ।
누구한테 말했어요?
Who did you tell?
कसलाई भन्नुभयो?
부터 / 까지 (देखि / सम्म)
Beginnerसमय वा स्थानको सीमा जनाउने
Marks the limits of time or place (from / until)
Examples
9시부터 6시까지 일해요.
I work from 9 to 6.
९ बजेदेखि ६ बजेसम्म काम गर्छु।
월요일부터 금요일까지 일해요.
I work from Monday to Friday.
सोमबारदेखि शुक्रबारसम्म काम गर्छु।
집에서 학교까지 걸어가요.
I walk from home to school.
घरदेखि विद्यालयसम्म हिँडेर जान्छु।
1페이지부터 10페이지까지 읽으세요.
Read from page 1 to page 10.
पृष्ठ १ देखि १० सम्म पढ्नुहोस्।
아침부터 밤까지 공부했어요.
I studied from morning till night.
बिहानदेखि रातसम्म पढेँ।
만 (मात्र)
Beginnerसीमा वा एकमात्र जनाउने particle
Particle expressing limitation (only)
Examples
물만 마셔요.
I drink only water.
पानी मात्र पिउँछु।
저는 한국 드라마만 봐요.
I only watch Korean dramas.
म कोरियन ड्रामा मात्र हेर्छु।
오늘만 쉬고 싶어요.
I want to rest just for today.
आज मात्र आराम गर्न मन छ।
이름만 쓰세요.
Write only your name.
नाम मात्र लेख्नुहोस्।
동생만 집에 있어요.
Only my younger sibling is at home.
भाइ मात्र घरमा छ।
-(으)러 가다/오다
Beginnerकुनै उद्देश्यले जानु/आउनु
Going/coming somewhere for a purpose (go/come in order to)
Examples
밥 먹으러 갔어요.
I went to eat a meal.
खाना खान गएँ।
책을 빌리러 도서관에 가요.
I go to the library to borrow books.
किताब सापट लिन पुस्तकालय जान्छु।
친구가 저를 만나러 왔어요.
My friend came to meet me.
साथी मलाई भेट्न आयो।
옷을 사러 시장에 갔어요.
I went to the market to buy clothes.
लुगा किन्न बजार गएँ।
한국어를 배우러 학원에 다녀요.
I attend an academy to learn Korean.
कोरियन सिक्न इन्स्टिच्युट जान्छु।
-(으)ㄹ 수 있다/없다
Beginnerसम्भावना वा सामर्थ्य जनाउने
Expresses possibility or ability (can / cannot)
Examples
한국어를 말할 수 있어요.
I can speak Korean.
कोरियन बोल्न सक्छु।
운전할 수 있어요?
Can you drive?
गाडी चलाउन सक्नुहुन्छ?
오늘은 갈 수 없어요.
I can't go today.
आज जान सक्दिन।
매운 음식을 먹을 수 있어요.
I can eat spicy food.
पिरो खाना खान सक्छु।
여기서 사진을 찍을 수 없어요.
You can't take photos here.
यहाँ फोटो खिच्न पाइँदैन।
기 전에 / -(으)ㄴ 후에
Beginnerकुनै काम अगाडि / पछाडि
Before / after doing something
Examples
자기 전에 양치해요. / 먹은 후에 쉬어요.
I brush my teeth before sleeping. / I rest after eating.
सुत्नु अघि दाँत माझ्छु। / खाएपछि आराम गर्छु।
밥을 먹기 전에 손을 씻어요.
I wash my hands before eating.
खाना खानु अघि हात धुन्छु।
수업이 끝난 후에 친구를 만나요.
I meet my friend after class ends.
कक्षा सकिएपछि साथीलाई भेट्छु।
한국에 오기 전에 한국어를 배웠어요.
I learned Korean before coming to Korea.
कोरिया आउनु अघि कोरियन सिकेँ।
운동한 후에 샤워해요.
I take a shower after exercising.
व्यायाम गरेपछि नुहाउँछु।
-(으)ㄹ 때 (जब)
Beginnerकुनै कार्य वा अवस्थाको समय जनाउने
Indicates the time of an action or state (when)
Examples
비가 올 때 우산을 써요.
When it rains, I use an umbrella.
पानी पर्दा छाता लगाउँछु।
어렸을 때 부산에 살았어요.
When I was young, I lived in Busan.
सानो हुँदा बुसानमा बस्थेँ।
시간이 있을 때 책을 읽어요.
When I have time, I read books.
समय हुँदा किताब पढ्छु।
한국에 있을 때 많이 여행했어요.
When I was in Korea, I traveled a lot.
कोरियामा हुँदा धेरै यात्रा गरेँ।
피곤할 때 커피를 마셔요.
When I'm tired, I drink coffee.
थकाइ लाग्दा कफी पिउँछु।
-게 (क्रियाविशेषण रूपान्तरण)
Beginnerविशेषण → क्रियाविशेषण बनाउने प्रत्यय
Suffix turning adjectives into adverbs
Examples
크게 말해 주세요.
Please speak loudly.
ठूलो स्वरले बोल्नुहोस्।
맛있게 드세요.
Enjoy your meal.
मीठो मानेर खानुहोस्।
예쁘게 포장해 주세요.
Please wrap it nicely.
राम्ररी प्याक गरिदिनुहोस्।
늦지 않게 오세요.
Come so that you won't be late.
ढिलो नहुने गरी आउनुहोस्।
주말에 재미있게 놀았어요.
I had fun on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा रमाइलोसँग खेलेँ।
아직 (अझै) / 이미 (पहिलेनै)
Beginnerसमय जनाउने क्रियाविशेषण
Time adverbs: not yet / already
Examples
아직 안 왔어요. / 이미 갔어요.
(He) hasn't come yet. / (He) already left.
अझै आएको छैन। / पहिले नै गइसकेको छ।
숙제를 아직 안 했어요.
I haven't done my homework yet.
गृहकार्य अझै गरेको छैन।
아직 결정하지 못했어요.
I couldn't decide yet.
अझै निर्णय गर्न सकेको छैन।
기차가 이미 떠났어요.
The train has already left.
रेल पहिले नै गइसक्यो।
표를 이미 샀어요.
I already bought the ticket.
टिकट पहिले नै किनिसकेँ।
느라고
Intermediateनकारात्मक परिणामको कारण (कुनै काम गर्दागर्दा अर्को गर्न नसकेको)
Reason for a negative result (couldn't do one thing because busy doing another)
Examples
숙제하느라고 청소 못 했어요.
I couldn't clean because I was doing homework.
गृहकार्य गर्दागर्दा सफा गर्न सकिनँ।
게임하느라고 숙제를 못 했어요.
I couldn't do my homework because I was playing games.
गेम खेल्दा गृहकार्य गर्न सकिनँ।
일하느라고 점심을 못 먹었어요.
I couldn't eat lunch because I was working.
काम गर्दा दिउँसोको खाना खान पाइनँ।
아기를 돌보느라고 잠을 못 잤어요.
I couldn't sleep because I was taking care of the baby.
बच्चा हेर्दा सुत्न पाइनँ।
전화를 받느라고 버스를 놓쳤어요.
I missed the bus because I was answering a call.
फोन उठाउँदा बस छुट्यो।
-(으)려던 참이다
Intermediateकेही गर्न ठीक लाग्दै थियो (just about to)
Was just about to do something
Examples
전화하려던 참이었어요.
I was just about to call you.
फोन गर्न लाग्दै थिएँ।
지금 막 나가려던 참이에요.
I was just about to go out.
म भर्खर बाहिर निस्कन लागेको थिएँ।
밥을 먹으려던 참에 친구가 왔어요.
Just as I was about to eat, my friend came.
खाना खान लाग्दा साथी आयो।
자려던 참이었는데 전화가 왔어요.
I was just about to sleep when the phone rang.
सुत्न लागेको थिएँ, फोन आयो।
그 얘기를 하려던 참이었어요.
I was just about to talk about that.
म त्यही कुरा भन्न लागेको थिएँ।
-고 나서
Intermediateपहिलो काम पूरा भएपछि मात्र अर्को काम
Doing something only after finishing the first action
Examples
밥을 먹고 나서 공부했어요.
After finishing my meal, I studied.
खाना खाएपछि पढेँ।
숙제를 하고 나서 놀 거예요.
I will play after finishing my homework.
गृहकार्य सकेर मात्र खेल्नेछु।
운동하고 나서 샤워했어요.
I took a shower after exercising.
व्यायाम गरिसकेपछि नुहाएँ।
책을 다 읽고 나서 잤어요.
I slept after finishing the book.
किताब पढिसकेपछि सुतेँ।
회의가 끝나고 나서 이야기합시다.
Let's talk after the meeting ends.
बैठक सकिएपछि कुरा गरौँ।
-(으)로 인해서
Intermediateकारणले गर्दा (लिखित/औपचारिक कारण)
Because of, due to (formal/written cause)
Examples
늦잠으로 인해서 지각했어요.
I was late because I overslept.
ढिलो उठेकाले ढिलो भएँ।
태풍으로 인해서 비행기가 취소됐어요.
The flight was canceled due to the typhoon.
आँधीका कारण उडान रद्द भयो।
사고로 인해서 길이 막혔어요.
The road was blocked due to an accident.
दुर्घटनाका कारण बाटो जाम भयो।
스트레스로 인해서 병이 났어요.
I got sick due to stress.
तनावका कारण बिरामी परेँ।
폭우로 인해서 행사가 연기됐어요.
The event was postponed due to heavy rain.
भारी वर्षाका कारण कार्यक्रम सर्यो।
-아/어 놓다 / 두다
Intermediateअर्को पटककालागि काम गरेर राख्ने
Doing something in advance and leaving it in that state
Examples
수업 중에는 휴대폰을 꺼 놓으세요.
Please turn off your phone during class.
कक्षा समयमा मोबाइल बन्द गरेर राख्नुहोस्।
창문을 열어 놓았어요.
I opened the window and left it open.
झ्याल खोलेर राखेको छु।
표를 미리 사 두었어요.
I bought the tickets in advance.
टिकट पहिल्यै किनेर राखेँ।
음식을 만들어 놓고 나갔어요.
I made food in advance and went out.
खाना बनाएर राखेर बाहिर गएँ।
이름을 써 두세요.
Write your name down for later.
नाम लेखेर राख्नुहोस्।
뿐만 아니라 / 게다가
Intermediate...मात्र होइन/ ...पनि (not only...but also)
Not only... but also / moreover
Examples
이 회사는 집을 제공할 뿐만 아니라 차도 제공해요.
This company not only provides housing but also a car.
यो कम्पनीले घर मात्र होइन/ गाडी पनि उपलब्ध गराउँछ।
그 식당은 맛있을 뿐만 아니라 싸요.
That restaurant is not only delicious but also cheap.
त्यो रेस्टुरेन्ट स्वादिष्ट मात्र होइन, सस्तो पनि छ।
한국어뿐만 아니라 영어도 잘해요.
He is good at not only Korean but also English.
उनी कोरियन मात्र होइन, अङ्ग्रेजी पनि राम्रो बोल्छन्।
오늘은 바빠요. 게다가 몸도 아파요.
I'm busy today. Moreover, I'm sick too.
आज व्यस्त छु। त्यसमाथि बिरामी पनि छु।
비가 올 뿐만 아니라 바람도 불어요.
Not only is it raining, but the wind is also blowing.
पानी मात्र परेको छैन, हावा पनि चलेको छ।
-자마자 / 기가 무섭게
Intermediate...गर्ने बित्तिकै (as soon as / the moment)
As soon as / the moment something happens
Examples
집에 오자마자 잤어요. / 집에 오기가 무섭게 잤어요.
As soon as I got home, I slept. / The moment I got home, I slept.
घर आउने बित्तिकै सुतें।
소식을 듣자마자 울었어요.
I cried as soon as I heard the news.
खबर सुन्नेबित्तिकै रोएँ।
수업이 끝나자마자 집에 갔어요.
I went home as soon as class ended.
कक्षा सकिनेबित्तिकै घर गएँ।
그를 보자마자 알아봤어요.
I recognized him as soon as I saw him.
उसलाई देख्नेबित्तिकै चिनेँ।
월급을 받자마자 다 썼어요.
I spent it all as soon as I got my salary.
तलब पाउनेबित्तिकै सबै खर्च गरेँ।
-더니
Intermediateअघिल्लो अवस्थाको परिणाम वा विरोधाभास
Result of or contrast with a previous observed state
Examples
열심히 했더니 부자가 됐어요.
I worked hard, and as a result I became rich.
मेहनत गरेँ र त्यसपछि धनी भएँ।
아침에는 춥더니 지금은 따뜻해요.
It was cold in the morning, but now it's warm.
बिहान जाडो थियो, अहिले न्यानो छ।
동생이 열심히 공부하더니 시험에 합격했어요.
My younger sibling studied hard and passed the exam.
भाइले मिहिनेत गरेर पढेकाले परीक्षा पास गर्यो।
매일 운동하더니 건강해졌어요.
He exercised every day and became healthy.
दिनहुँ व्यायाम गरेर स्वस्थ भयो।
하늘이 흐리더니 비가 와요.
The sky was cloudy, and now it's raining.
आकाश धुम्म थियो, अहिले पानी पर्दै छ।
거든요
Intermediateअर्को व्यक्तिलाई थाहा नभएको कुराको कारण दिने
Gives a reason the listener didn't know (you see, because...)
Examples
오늘 못 가요. 시험이 있거든요.
I can't go today. You see, I have an exam.
आज जान सक्दिन। परीक्षा छ नि।
좀 일찍 갈게요. 약속이 있거든요.
I'll leave a bit early. You see, I have an appointment.
अलि चाँडो जान्छु। भेट्ने कुरा छ नि।
이 노래 알아요. 어제 들었거든요.
I know this song. I heard it yesterday, you see.
यो गीत थाहा छ। हिजो सुनेको थिएँ नि।
지금 밥 못 먹어요. 배가 안 고프거든요.
I can't eat now. I'm not hungry, you see.
अहिले खान सक्दिन। भोक लागेको छैन नि।
한국어를 배워요. 한국에서 일하고 싶거든요.
I'm learning Korean. You see, I want to work in Korea.
कोरियन सिक्दै छु। कोरियामा काम गर्न चाहन्छु नि।
잖아요
Intermediateसुन्नेलाई पनि थाहा छ भन्ने कुराको सम्झना गराउने (거든요 को विपरीत)
Reminds the listener of something they already know (opposite of 거든요)
Examples
흠/ 잠실로 가요. 거기는 물건이 더 싸잖아요.
Hmm, let's go to Jamsil. Things are cheaper there, you know.
त्यहाँ सामान सस्तो छ नि (तिमीलाई थाहा नै छ)।
오늘은 일요일이잖아요.
It's Sunday today, you know.
आज त आइतबार हो नि।
제가 말했잖아요.
I told you, remember?
मैले भनेकै थिएँ नि।
우리 내일 시험 있잖아요. 공부해야죠.
We have an exam tomorrow, you know. We should study.
भोलि हाम्रो परीक्षा छ नि। पढ्नुपर्छ।
그 사람 유명하잖아요.
That person is famous, you know.
त्यो मान्छे त प्रख्यात छ नि।
-네요
Intermediateअनुभव गरेर आश्चर्य वा प्रशंसा प्रकट गर्ने
Expresses surprise or admiration from direct experience
Examples
한국말 잘하네요!
You speak Korean well!
कोरियन राम्रो बोल्नु हुँदो रहेछ!
오늘 날씨가 정말 좋네요!
The weather is really nice today!
आज मौसम साँच्चै राम्रो रहेछ!
이 음식 맛있네요!
This food is delicious!
यो खाना मीठो रहेछ!
벌써 12시네요.
It's already 12 o'clock.
अहिले नै १२ बजिसकेछ।
아기가 정말 귀엽네요.
The baby is so cute.
बच्चा साँच्चै प्यारो रहेछ।
-(는)군요 / -(이)군요
Intermediateअरुबाट सुनेर वा देखेर आश्चर्य जनाउने (네요 को तुलना: अरुको अनुभव)
Expresses surprise from hearing or seeing something (vs 네요: others' experience)
Examples
그 음식이 맵군요.
That food is spicy!
त्यो खाना पिरो रहेछ (अरुले भनेको सुनेर)।
여기가 그 유명한 식당이군요.
So this is that famous restaurant.
यही त्यो प्रख्यात रेस्टुरेन्ट रहेछ।
한국 겨울은 정말 춥군요.
Korean winters are really cold.
कोरियाको हिउँद साँच्चै जाडो हुँदो रहेछ।
그래서 어제 안 왔군요.
So that's why you didn't come yesterday.
त्यसैले हिजो नआउनुभएको रहेछ।
벌써 봄이군요.
It's already spring.
अहिले नै वसन्त आइसकेछ।
-더라고요
Intermediateबिगतमा प्रत्यक्ष अनुभव गरेर थाहा पाएको कुरा अरुलाई बताउने
Telling others something learned through direct past experience
Examples
주말에 부산에 갔는데 날씨가 좋더라고요.
I went to Busan on the weekend, and the weather was nice.
सप्ताहन्तमा बुसान गएको थिएँ/ मौसम राम्रो रहेछ।
그 영화 정말 재미있더라고요.
That movie was really fun, I saw it myself.
त्यो चलचित्र साँच्चै रमाइलो रहेछ।
그 식당 음식이 맵더라고요.
The food at that restaurant was spicy.
त्यो रेस्टुरेन्टको खाना पिरो रहेछ।
민수 씨가 노래를 잘하더라고요.
Minsu sings well, I heard him myself.
मिनसुले गीत राम्रो गाउँदा रहेछन्।
서울은 물가가 비싸더라고요.
Prices in Seoul were expensive, I found.
सोलमा महँगी धेरै रहेछ।
-(으)ㄹ 텐데
Intermediateभविष्यको अनुमान वा सम्भावना जनाउने
Expresses assumption or likelihood about the future (probably will... so)
Examples
비가 올 텐데 우산 가져가세요.
It will probably rain, so take an umbrella.
पानी पर्ला/ छाता लग्नुहोस्।
피곤할 텐데 좀 쉬세요.
You must be tired, so please rest.
थकाइ लागेको होला, अलि आराम गर्नुहोस्।
길이 막힐 텐데 일찍 출발합시다.
The roads will probably be jammed, so let's leave early.
बाटो जाम होला, चाँडै हिँडौँ।
배고플 텐데 먼저 드세요.
You must be hungry, so eat first.
भोक लागेको होला, पहिले खानुहोस्।
시험이 어려울 텐데 열심히 준비하세요.
The exam will probably be hard, so prepare well.
परीक्षा गाह्रो होला, राम्ररी तयारी गर्नुहोस्।
-(으)ㄹ 테니까
Intermediateअनुमान वा योजनाको आधारमा सुझाव दिने
Making a suggestion based on an assumption or plan (I'll..., so you...)
Examples
제가 커피 살 테니까 너는 자리 잡아.
I'll buy the coffee, so you grab the seats.
म कफी किन्छु/ तिमी सिट राख।
제가 요리할 테니까 설거지 좀 해 주세요.
I'll cook, so please do the dishes.
म खाना पकाउँछु, त्यसैले भाँडा माझिदिनुहोस्।
곧 도착할 테니까 조금만 기다리세요.
I'll arrive soon, so please wait a little.
म चाँडै आइपुग्छु, अलिकति पर्खनुहोस्।
비가 올 테니까 우산을 가져가세요.
It will probably rain, so take an umbrella.
पानी पर्ला, छाता लिएर जानुहोस्।
제가 문을 잠글 테니까 먼저 가세요.
I'll lock the door, so go ahead first.
म ढोका बन्द गर्छु, तपाईं अगाडि जानुहोस्।
-아/어 달라고 하다
Intermediateअप्रत्यक्ष अनुरोध (speaker → listener बाट)
Indirect request (asking someone to do something for the speaker)
Examples
사장님이 일요일도 일해 달라고 해요.
The boss asks (us) to work on Sundays too.
मालिकले आइतबार पनि काम गर्नु भन्नुहुन्छ।
친구가 돈을 빌려 달라고 했어요.
My friend asked me to lend him money.
साथीले पैसा सापट दिन भन्यो।
동생이 숙제를 도와 달라고 해요.
My younger sibling asks me to help with homework.
भाइले गृहकार्यमा सहयोग गरिदिन भन्छ।
아이가 책을 읽어 달라고 했어요.
The child asked me to read a book to him.
बच्चाले किताब पढिदिन भन्यो।
손님이 물을 가져다 달라고 했어요.
The customer asked me to bring water.
ग्राहकले पानी ल्याइदिन भन्नुभयो।
-아/어 주라고 하다
Intermediateअप्रत्यक्ष अनुरोध (speaker → third person बाट)
Indirect request (asking someone to do something for a third person)
Examples
민수는 수지한테 숙제 도와 주라고 했어요.
Minsu told Suji to help (someone) with homework.
मिनसुले सुजीलाई गृहकार्य मद्दत गरिदिनु भन्यो।
엄마가 동생한테 과자를 사 주라고 했어요.
Mom told me to buy snacks for my younger sibling.
आमाले भाइलाई खाजा किनिदिन भन्नुभयो।
선생님이 친구를 도와 주라고 했어요.
The teacher told me to help my friend.
शिक्षकले साथीलाई मद्दत गरिदिन भन्नुभयो।
사장님이 손님에게 커피를 드리라고 했어요.
The boss told me to serve the customer coffee.
साहुजीले ग्राहकलाई कफी दिन भन्नुभयो।
아빠가 할머니께 전화해 드리라고 했어요.
Dad told me to call grandmother.
बुबाले हजुरआमालाई फोन गरिदिन भन्नुभयो।
-(ㄴ/는)다고 하다 (간접화법)
Intermediateअप्रत्यक्ष कथन (declarative indirect speech)
Indirect speech for statements (someone said that...)
Examples
친구가 한국어를 공부한다고 했어요.
My friend said that he studies Korean.
साथीले कोरियन पढ्छु भन्यो।
내일 비가 온다고 해요.
They say it will rain tomorrow.
भोलि पानी पर्छ भन्छन्।
민수 씨는 바쁘다고 했어요.
Minsu said he is busy.
मिनसुले व्यस्त छु भने।
그 식당이 맛있다고 해요.
They say that restaurant is delicious.
त्यो रेस्टुरेन्ट मीठो छ भन्छन्।
동생이 지금 집에 간다고 했어요.
My younger sibling said he is going home now.
भाइले अहिले घर जाँदै छु भन्यो।
-(으)라고 하다 (간접화법)
Intermediateअप्रत्यक्ष आदेश (imperative indirect speech)
Indirect speech for commands (someone told... to...)
Examples
선생님이 공부 열심히 하라고 했어요.
The teacher told (us) to study hard.
शिक्षकले मेहनतले पढ भन्नुभयो।
의사가 푹 쉬라고 했어요.
The doctor told me to rest well.
डाक्टरले राम्ररी आराम गर्न भन्नुभयो।
엄마가 일찍 들어오라고 했어요.
Mom told me to come home early.
आमाले चाँडै घर आउन भन्नुभयो।
선생님이 책을 많이 읽으라고 하셨어요.
The teacher told us to read many books.
शिक्षकले धेरै किताब पढ्न भन्नुभयो।
사장님이 내일까지 끝내라고 했어요.
The boss told me to finish by tomorrow.
साहुजीले भोलिसम्म सक्न भन्नुभयो।
-냐고 하다 (간접화법)
Intermediateअप्रत्यक्ष प्रश्न (question indirect speech)
Indirect speech for questions (someone asked whether...)
Examples
의사님이 어디가 아프냐고 물어봤어요.
The doctor asked where it hurts.
डाक्टरले कहाँ दुख्यो भनेर सोध्नुभयो।
친구가 어디에 사냐고 물어봤어요.
My friend asked where I live.
साथीले कहाँ बस्छौ भनेर सोध्यो।
엄마가 밥을 먹었냐고 했어요.
Mom asked if I had eaten.
आमाले खाना खायौ कि भनेर सोध्नुभयो।
선생님이 숙제를 했냐고 물어보셨어요.
The teacher asked if we did the homework.
शिक्षकले गृहकार्य गर्यौ कि भनेर सोध्नुभयो।
사장님이 언제 올 수 있냐고 물어봤어요.
The boss asked when I could come.
साहुजीले कहिले आउन सक्छौ भनेर सोध्नुभयो।
-자고 하다 (간접화법)
Intermediateअप्रत्यक्ष प्रस्ताव (suggestion indirect speech)
Indirect speech for suggestions (someone suggested that...)
Examples
친구가 주말에 같이 공부하자고 했어요.
My friend suggested studying together on the weekend.
साथीले सप्ताहन्तमा सँगै पढौँ भन्यो।
친구가 영화를 보자고 했어요.
My friend suggested watching a movie.
साथीले चलचित्र हेरौँ भन्यो।
동료가 점심을 같이 먹자고 해요.
My colleague suggests eating lunch together.
सहकर्मीले सँगै खाना खाऔँ भन्छन्।
남편이 여행을 가자고 했어요.
My husband suggested going on a trip.
श्रीमान्ले यात्रामा जाऔँ भन्नुभयो।
친구가 내일 만나자고 했어요.
My friend suggested meeting tomorrow.
साथीले भोलि भेटौँ भन्यो।
방금 vs 금방
Intermediateभर्खरै (past) vs छिटै (future) को फरक
Difference between "just now" (past) and "soon" (future)
Examples
방금 도착했어요. / 금방 올게요.
I just arrived. / I'll come soon.
भर्खरै आइपुगेँ। / छिटै आउँछु।
방금 집에 도착했어요.
I arrived home just now.
भर्खरै घर आइपुगेँ।
방금 뭐라고 했어요?
What did you just say?
भर्खर के भन्नुभयो?
금방 갈게요. 조금만 기다려요.
I'll come soon. Wait a little.
म तुरुन्तै आउँछु। अलिकति पर्खनुहोस्।
라면은 금방 만들 수 있어요.
You can make ramyeon quickly.
रामेन छिट्टै बनाउन सकिन्छ।
벌써 vs 이미 vs 미리
Intermediateसोचेभन्दा चाँडै / पहिलेनै / समयभन्दा अगाडि
Sooner than expected / already / in advance
Examples
벌써 다 먹었어요? / 이미 알고 있었어요. / 미리 준비했어요.
You already ate everything? / I already knew. / I prepared in advance.
पहिलेनै सबै खाइसक्यौ? / पहिल्यैदेखि थाहा थियो। / समयभन्दा अघि नै तयार गरें।
벌써 여름이에요?
Is it summer already?
अहिले नै गर्मी आइसक्यो?
그 소식은 이미 들었어요.
I already heard that news.
त्यो खबर पहिले नै सुनिसकेको थिएँ।
여행 가기 전에 호텔을 미리 예약하세요.
Book the hotel in advance before traveling.
यात्रा जानु अघि होटल पहिल्यै बुक गर्नुहोस्।
시간이 벌써 이렇게 됐네요.
It's already gotten this late.
समय अहिले नै यति भइसकेछ।
다면서요?
Intermediateसुनेको कुरा पुष्टि गर्न सोध्ने
Asking to confirm something you heard (I heard that...?)
Examples
장학금을 받았다면서요?
I heard you received a scholarship?
छात्रवृत्ति पाउनुभयो रे/ हो?
다음 달에 결혼한다면서요?
I heard you're getting married next month?
अर्को महिना बिहे गर्दै हुनुहुन्छ रे, हो?
한국에 갔다 왔다면서요?
I heard you went to Korea?
कोरिया गएर आउनुभयो रे, हो?
새 차를 샀다면서요?
I heard you bought a new car?
नयाँ कार किन्नुभयो रे, हो?
시험에 합격했다면서요? 축하해요!
I heard you passed the exam? Congratulations!
परीक्षा पास गर्नुभयो रे? बधाई छ!
Noun + 이라도
Intermediateरोजेको नभए पनि स्वीकार्य (even if only)
Acceptable even if not the first choice (even if only / at least)
Examples
물이라도 마셔요.
Drink some water, at least.
पानी भए पनि पिउनुहोस्।
밥이 없으면 라면이라도 먹을까요?
If there's no rice, shall we at least eat ramyeon?
भात छैन भने रामेन नै भए पनि खाऔँ?
잠깐이라도 쉬세요.
Rest, even if just for a moment.
एकछिन भए पनि आराम गर्नुहोस्।
전화라도 해 주세요.
At least give me a call.
फोन नै भए पनि गरिदिनुहोस्।
주말에 청소라도 해야겠어요.
I should at least clean on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा सरसफाइ नै भए पनि गर्नुपर्ला।
도대체
Intermediateनिराशा वा जोर दिने क्रियाविशेषण (what on earth)
Adverb expressing frustration or emphasis (what on earth)
Examples
도대체 왜 안 먹었어?
What on earth, why didn't you eat?
खासमा किन खाएनौ?
도대체 무슨 말이에요?
What on earth are you saying?
आखिर के भन्न खोज्नुभएको?
도대체 어디에 있었어요?
Where on earth were you?
आखिर कहाँ हुनुहुन्थ्यो?
도대체 이해할 수 없어요.
I simply can't understand it.
आखिर बुझ्नै सक्दिन।
도대체 몇 번을 말해야 해요?
How many times on earth do I have to say it?
आखिर कति पटक भन्नुपर्ने हो?
는 것이 / 기
Intermediateक्रियालाई नामकरण गर्ने (nominalization)
Turning verbs into nouns (nominalization)
Examples
요리하는 것이 재미있어요. / 요리하기가 어려워요.
Cooking is fun. / Cooking is difficult.
खाना पकाउनु रमाइलो छ। / खाना पकाउनु गाह्रो छ।
한국어를 배우는 것이 재미있어요.
Learning Korean is fun.
कोरियन सिक्नु रमाइलो छ।
아침에 일찍 일어나기가 힘들어요.
Waking up early in the morning is hard.
बिहान चाँडै उठ्न गाह्रो छ।
제 취미는 사진을 찍는 것이에요.
My hobby is taking photos.
मेरो रुचि फोटो खिच्नु हो।
듣기는 쉽지만 말하기는 어려워요.
Listening is easy, but speaking is difficult.
सुन्न सजिलो छ तर बोल्न गाह्रो छ।
-(으)면서
Intermediateदुई काम एकैसाथ गर्ने
Doing two actions at the same time (while)
Examples
음악을 들으면서 공부했어요.
I studied while listening to music.
संगीत सुन्दै पढेँ।
밥을 먹으면서 텔레비전을 봐요.
I watch TV while eating.
खाना खाँदै टिभी हेर्छु।
노래를 부르면서 청소했어요.
I cleaned while singing.
गीत गाउँदै सफा गरेँ।
커피를 마시면서 이야기해요.
We talk while drinking coffee.
कफी पिउँदै कुरा गर्छौँ।
운전하면서 전화하지 마세요.
Don't talk on the phone while driving.
गाडी चलाउँदै फोन नगर्नुहोस्।
-는데 / -(으)ㄴ데
Intermediateपृष्ठभूमि जानकारी वा सौम्य विरोधाभास जनाउने
Provides background information or mild contrast
Examples
바쁜데 도와줄게요.
I'm busy, but I'll help you.
व्यस्त भए पनि मद्दत गर्छु।
비가 오는데 우산이 없어요.
It's raining, but I don't have an umbrella.
पानी परिरहेको छ तर छाता छैन।
시간이 있는데 영화 볼까요?
I have time, so shall we watch a movie?
समय छ, चलचित्र हेरौँ कि?
한국어를 공부하는데 아직 어려워요.
I'm studying Korean, but it's still difficult.
कोरियन पढ्दै छु तर अझै गाह्रो छ।
날씨가 좋은데 산책하러 가요.
The weather is nice, so let's go for a walk.
मौसम राम्रो छ, हिँड्न जाऔँ।
-아/어 지다
Intermediateअवस्था परिवर्तन हुँदै जाने (become / get)
Gradual change of state (become / get)
Examples
날씨가 따뜻해졌어요.
The weather has become warm.
मौसम न्यानो भयो।
한국어 실력이 좋아졌어요.
My Korean has gotten better.
कोरियन भाषाको स्तर राम्रो भएको छ।
밤이 되면 조용해져요.
It becomes quiet at night.
रात परेपछि शान्त हुन्छ।
얼굴이 빨개졌어요.
My face turned red.
अनुहार रातो भयो।
물가가 비싸졌어요.
Prices have gotten expensive.
महँगी बढेको छ।
-아/어 버리다
Intermediateकाम पूरा भयो (राहत वा पश्चात्ताप)
Action done completely (with relief or regret)
Examples
숙제를 다 해 버렸어요.
I finished all my homework (completely).
गृहकार्य सबै गरी सकेँ (राहत)।
돈을 다 써 버렸어요.
I spent all the money.
सबै पैसा खर्च गरिसकेँ।
기차를 놓쳐 버렸어요.
I ended up missing the train.
रेल छुटिहाल्यो।
케이크를 혼자 다 먹어 버렸어요.
I ate the whole cake by myself.
केक एक्लै सबै खाइदिएँ।
비밀을 말해 버렸어요.
I ended up telling the secret.
गोप्य कुरा भनिहालेँ।
-아/어 보다
Intermediateअनुभवका लागि कुनै काम गर्ने
Trying something to experience it (try doing)
Examples
한국 음식을 먹어 봤어요.
I have tried Korean food.
कोरियन खाना खाएर हेरेँ।
이 옷을 입어 보세요.
Try on these clothes.
यो लुगा लगाएर हेर्नुहोस्।
제주도에 가 봤어요?
Have you been to Jeju Island?
जेजु टापु गएर हेर्नुभएको छ?
이 노래를 들어 보세요.
Listen to this song.
यो गीत सुनेर हेर्नुहोस्।
김치를 만들어 봤어요.
I tried making kimchi.
किम्ची बनाएर हेरेँ।
-아/어야 하다 / 되다
Intermediateदायित्व वा गर्नैपर्ने कुरा
Obligation or necessity (must / have to)
Examples
숙제해야 해요.
I have to do my homework.
गृहकार्य गर्नुपर्छ।
내일까지 이 일을 끝내야 해요.
I have to finish this work by tomorrow.
भोलिसम्म यो काम सक्नुपर्छ।
약을 먹어야 돼요.
I have to take medicine.
औषधि खानुपर्छ।
한국에서는 집에 들어갈 때 신발을 벗어야 해요.
In Korea, you have to take off your shoes when entering a house.
कोरियामा घरभित्र पस्दा जुत्ता खोल्नुपर्छ।
여권을 만들어야 돼요.
I have to get a passport made.
राहदानी बनाउनुपर्छ।
-아/어야겠다
Intermediateदृढ संकल्प वा निर्णय जनाउने
Expresses determination or a decision (I should / I'd better)
Examples
다이어트를 시작해야겠다.
I'd better start a diet.
आहार नियन्त्रण सुरु गर्नैपर्छ।
오늘부터 일찍 자야겠어요.
I'd better sleep early starting today.
आजदेखि चाँडै सुत्नुपर्ला।
우산을 사야겠어요.
I'd better buy an umbrella.
छाता किन्नुपर्ला।
이제 운동을 시작해야겠어요.
I'd better start exercising now.
अब व्यायाम सुरु गर्नुपर्ला।
부모님께 전화해야겠어요.
I should call my parents.
आमाबुबालाई फोन गर्नुपर्ला।
는다고 해서
Intermediateशर्तले परिणाम ग्यारेन्टी नगर्ने
Just because... doesn't mean... (condition doesn't guarantee result)
Examples
돈이 많다고 해서 행복한 건 아니에요.
Just because you have a lot of money doesn't mean you're happy.
पैसा धेरै छ भन्दैमा खुशी हुन्छ भन्ने होइन।
비싸다고 해서 다 좋은 건 아니에요.
Just because it's expensive doesn't mean it's good.
महँगो भन्दैमा सबै राम्रो हुँदैन।
한국에 산다고 해서 한국어를 다 잘하는 건 아니에요.
Just because you live in Korea doesn't mean you speak Korean well.
कोरियामा बस्छ भन्दैमा कोरियन राम्रो बोल्छ भन्ने हुँदैन।
열심히 한다고 해서 항상 성공하는 건 아니에요.
Just because you work hard doesn't mean you always succeed.
मिहिनेत गर्छ भन्दैमा सधैँ सफल हुन्छ भन्ने छैन।
친구가 많다고 해서 외롭지 않은 건 아니에요.
Just because you have many friends doesn't mean you're never lonely.
साथी धेरै छन् भन्दैमा एक्लो महसुस हुँदैन भन्ने छैन।
-아/어 있다
Intermediateक्रियाको परिणाम अवस्थामा रहने
Resulting state of an action continues (is in a state of)
Examples
문이 열려 있어요.
The door is open.
ढोका खुलेको छ (अहिले पनि)।
벽에 그림이 걸려 있어요.
A picture is hanging on the wall.
भित्तामा चित्र झुन्डिएको छ।
의자에 앉아 있어요.
I am sitting on a chair.
कुर्सीमा बसिरहेको छु।
불이 켜져 있어요.
The light is on.
बत्ती बलिरहेको छ।
책상 위에 책이 놓여 있어요.
A book is placed on the desk.
टेबलमाथि किताब राखिएको छ।
-기로 하다
Intermediateनिर्णय वा योजना गर्नु
Deciding or planning to do something
Examples
내일 여행을 가기로 했어요.
I decided to go on a trip tomorrow.
भोलि यात्रा जाने निर्णय गरेँ।
담배를 끊기로 했어요.
I decided to quit smoking.
चुरोट छोड्ने निर्णय गरेँ।
주말에 만나기로 했어요.
We decided to meet on the weekend.
सप्ताहन्तमा भेट्ने निधो गर्यौँ।
매일 운동하기로 했어요.
I decided to exercise every day.
हरेक दिन व्यायाम गर्ने निर्णय गरेँ।
다음 달부터 저축하기로 했어요.
I decided to save money starting next month.
अर्को महिनादेखि बचत गर्ने निर्णय गरेँ।
-는 편이다
Intermediateकुनै प्रवृत्ति वा झुकाव जनाउने
Expresses a tendency or inclination (tend to / rather)
Examples
저는 음식을 많이 먹는 편이에요.
I tend to eat a lot.
म धेरै खाने तिर छु।
저는 말이 없는 편이에요.
I tend to be quiet.
म अलि कम बोल्ने खालको छु।
이 식당은 좀 비싼 편이에요.
This restaurant is rather expensive.
यो रेस्टुरेन्ट अलि महँगो खालको छ।
저는 일찍 자는 편이에요.
I tend to sleep early.
म चाँडै सुत्ने खालको छु।
동생은 키가 큰 편이에요.
My younger sibling is rather tall.
भाइ अलि अग्लो खालको छ।
-에 비해서
Intermediateतुलना जनाउने (compared to)
Comparison (compared to)
Examples
작년에 비해서 한국어가 많이 늘었어요.
Compared to last year, my Korean has improved a lot.
गत वर्षको तुलनामा कोरियन धेरै सुधार भयो।
서울은 시골에 비해서 복잡해요.
Seoul is crowded compared to the countryside.
गाउँको तुलनामा सोल भीडभाडपूर्ण छ।
이 가게는 다른 가게에 비해서 싸요.
This store is cheap compared to other stores.
अरू पसलको तुलनामा यो पसल सस्तो छ।
형에 비해서 동생이 조용해요.
The younger sibling is quiet compared to the older brother.
दाइको तुलनामा भाइ शान्त छ।
어제에 비해서 오늘이 더 추워요.
Today is colder compared to yesterday.
हिजोको तुलनामा आज बढी जाडो छ।
-에 따라서 / -에 따라
Intermediate...को आधारमा / अनुसार
According to / depending on
Examples
상황에 따라서 다를 수 있어요.
It can differ depending on the situation.
परिस्थितिअनुसार फरक हुन सक्छ।
계절에 따라서 옷이 달라져요.
Clothes change depending on the season.
मौसमअनुसार लुगा फरक हुन्छ।
사람에 따라서 생각이 달라요.
Thoughts differ depending on the person.
मान्छेअनुसार विचार फरक हुन्छ।
선생님 말씀에 따라서 공부했어요.
I studied according to the teacher's instructions.
शिक्षकको भनाइअनुसार पढेँ।
날씨에 따라서 계획이 바뀔 수 있어요.
Plans may change depending on the weather.
मौसमअनुसार योजना परिवर्तन हुन सक्छ।
-(으)ㄹ/를 위해서
Intermediate...कालागि / को लागि (purpose)
For the sake of / in order to (purpose)
Examples
건강을 위해서 운동해요.
I exercise for my health.
स्वास्थ्यकालागि व्यायाम गर्छु।
가족을 위해서 열심히 일해요.
I work hard for my family.
परिवारका लागि मिहिनेतका साथ काम गर्छु।
시험을 위해서 매일 공부해요.
I study every day for the exam.
परीक्षाका लागि हरेक दिन पढ्छु।
미래를 위해서 돈을 모아요.
I save money for the future.
भविष्यका लागि पैसा जम्मा गर्छु।
건강을 위해서 담배를 끊었어요.
I quit smoking for my health.
स्वास्थ्यका लागि चुरोट छोडेँ।
아무리 -아/어도
Intermediateजतिसुकै गरे पनि (no matter how)
No matter how much (something is done)
Examples
아무리 피곤해도 공부해야 해요.
No matter how tired I am, I have to study.
जतिसुकै थाकेको भए पनि पढ्नुपर्छ।
아무리 바빠도 아침은 꼭 먹어요.
No matter how busy I am, I always eat breakfast.
जति व्यस्त भए पनि बिहानको खाना पक्कै खान्छु।
아무리 먹어도 배가 안 불러요.
No matter how much I eat, I don't get full.
जति खाए पनि पेट भरिँदैन।
아무리 어려워도 포기하지 마세요.
No matter how hard it is, don't give up.
जति गाह्रो भए पनि हार नमान्नुहोस्।
아무리 생각해도 이해가 안 돼요.
No matter how much I think, I can't understand.
जति सोचे पनि बुझ्न सक्दिन।
-는 바람에
Intermediateअनपेक्षित कारणले अप्रिय नतिजा
Unexpected cause leading to an unpleasant result (because of)
Examples
비가 오는 바람에 소풍이 취소됐어요.
The picnic was canceled because it rained.
पानी परेको कारणले भ्रमण रद्द भयो।
늦잠을 자는 바람에 지각했어요.
I overslept, so I was late.
अबेर सुतेर उठ्दा ढिलो पुगेँ।
버스를 놓치는 바람에 택시를 탔어요.
I missed the bus, so I had to take a taxi.
बस छुटेकाले ट्याक्सी चढेँ।
휴대폰이 고장 나는 바람에 연락 못 했어요.
My phone broke, so I couldn't contact you.
फोन बिग्रिएकाले सम्पर्क गर्न सकिनँ।
눈이 많이 오는 바람에 길이 막혔어요.
It snowed a lot, so the roads were blocked.
धेरै हिउँ परेकाले बाटो बन्द भयो।
-다 보니까
Intermediateकेही गर्दागर्दा स्वाभाविक रूपमा थाहा पाउने
Realizing something naturally while doing an action repeatedly
Examples
매일 공부하다 보니까 실력이 늘었어요.
Studying every day, my skills improved.
प्रतिदिन पढ्दापढ्दा दक्षता बढ्यो।
한국 드라마를 보다 보니까 한국어를 배우고 싶어졌어요.
As I kept watching Korean dramas, I came to want to learn Korean.
कोरियन ड्रामा हेर्दाहेर्दै कोरियन सिक्न मन लाग्यो।
자주 만나다 보니까 친해졌어요.
As we met often, we became close.
धेरैपटक भेट्दाभेट्दै नजिकियौँ।
살다 보니까 이런 일도 있네요.
As life goes on, such things happen too.
बाँच्दै जाँदा यस्ता कुरा पनि हुँदा रहेछन्।
한국 음식을 먹다 보니까 매운 음식에 익숙해졌어요.
Eating Korean food over time, I got used to spicy food.
कोरियन खाना खाँदाखाँदै पिरो खानाको बानी पर्यो।
-게 되다
Intermediateपरिस्थितिले कुनै अवस्थामा पुग्ने (come to be)
Coming to a state due to circumstances (come to / end up)
Examples
한국어를 좋아하게 됐어요.
I came to like Korean.
कोरियन मन पर्न थाल्यो।
한국에서 일하게 됐어요.
I ended up working in Korea.
कोरियामा काम गर्ने भएँ।
그 사실을 알게 됐어요.
I came to know that fact.
त्यो कुरा थाहा पाएँ।
두 사람은 결혼하게 됐어요.
The two ended up getting married.
ती दुईको बिहे हुने भयो।
다음 주에 이사하게 됐어요.
It turned out that I'm moving next week.
अर्को हप्ता सर्ने भएँ।
-만큼
Intermediate...जति / ...को बराबर
As much as / equal to
Examples
너만큼 열심히 할 수 있어요.
I can work as hard as you.
तिमीजति मेहनत गर्न सक्छु।
저도 형만큼 키가 커요.
I am as tall as my older brother.
म पनि दाइजत्तिकै अग्लो छु।
오늘은 어제만큼 덥지 않아요.
Today is not as hot as yesterday.
आज हिजोजति गर्मी छैन।
먹을 만큼만 가져가세요.
Take only as much as you can eat.
खान सक्नेजति मात्र लैजानुहोस्।
한국 사람만큼 한국어를 잘하고 싶어요.
I want to speak Korean as well as Koreans do.
कोरियनहरूजत्तिकै राम्रो कोरियन बोल्न चाहन्छु।
-(으)ㄹ 만하다
Intermediate...गर्न लायक छ (worth doing)
Worth doing
Examples
이 영화는 볼 만해요.
This movie is worth watching.
यो चलचित्र हेर्न लायक छ।
제주도는 정말 가 볼 만해요.
Jeju Island is really worth visiting.
जेजु टापु साँच्चै घुम्न लायक छ।
이 책은 읽을 만해요.
This book is worth reading.
यो किताब पढ्न लायक छ।
그 식당 음식은 먹을 만해요.
The food at that restaurant is decent.
त्यो रेस्टुरेन्टको खाना खान लायक छ।
이 노래는 들을 만해요.
This song is worth listening to.
यो गीत सुन्न लायक छ।
-기 때문에
Intermediateकारण जनाउने (because of / due to)
Expresses a reason (because of / due to)
Examples
바쁘기 때문에 못 갔어요.
I couldn't go because I was busy.
व्यस्त भएकाले जान सकिनँ।
눈이 오기 때문에 운전할 수 없어요.
Because it's snowing, I can't drive.
हिउँ परिरहेकाले गाडी चलाउन सक्दिन।
시험이 있기 때문에 공부해야 해요.
Because I have an exam, I have to study.
परीक्षा भएकाले पढ्नुपर्छ।
감기에 걸렸기 때문에 집에 있었어요.
Because I caught a cold, I stayed home.
रुघा लागेकाले घरमै बसेँ।
값이 싸기 때문에 많이 샀어요.
Because it was cheap, I bought a lot.
सस्तो भएकाले धेरै किनेँ।
-는 대신에
Intermediate...को सट्टा / बदलामा
Instead of / in exchange for
Examples
공부하는 대신에 청소했어요.
Instead of studying, I cleaned.
पढ्नुको सट्टा सफा गरेँ।
커피 대신에 차를 마셔요.
I drink tea instead of coffee.
कफीको सट्टा चिया पिउँछु।
밖에 나가는 대신에 집에서 쉬었어요.
Instead of going out, I rested at home.
बाहिर जानुको सट्टा घरमा आराम गरेँ।
제가 도와주는 대신에 밥 사 주세요.
In exchange for my help, buy me a meal.
मैले मद्दत गरेबापत खाना किनिदिनुहोस्।
차를 사는 대신에 자전거를 샀어요.
Instead of buying a car, I bought a bicycle.
कार किन्नुको सट्टा साइकल किनेँ।
-(으)면 어떨까요?
Intermediateविनम्र सुझाव (what if we...?)
Polite suggestion (what if we...? / how about...?)
Examples
같이 점심을 먹으면 어떨까요?
How about we have lunch together?
सँगै दिउँसो खाए कस्तो होला?
주말에 등산을 가면 어떨까요?
How about going hiking on the weekend?
सप्ताहन्तमा हाइकिङ गए कसो होला?
선물로 꽃을 주면 어떨까요?
How about giving flowers as a gift?
उपहारमा फूल दिए कसो होला?
회의를 내일로 바꾸면 어떨까요?
What if we move the meeting to tomorrow?
बैठक भोलिका लागि सारे कसो होला?
조금 일찍 출발하면 어떨까요?
How about leaving a bit early?
अलि चाँडो हिँडे कसो होला?
-더라 (반말)
Intermediateअनौपचारिक अनुभव/अवलोकन भन्ने
Casually sharing a past experience or observation (informal)
Examples
그 카페 진짜 좋더라.
That cafe was really nice.
त्यो क्याफे साँच्चै राम्रो रहेछ।
그 영화 진짜 슬프더라.
That movie was really sad, I saw it.
त्यो चलचित्र साँच्चै दुःखलाग्दो रहेछ।
민수가 요즘 바쁘더라.
Minsu seemed busy these days.
मिनसु आजकल व्यस्त रहेछ।
그 식당 음식 맛있더라.
The food at that restaurant was tasty.
त्यो रेस्टुरेन्टको खाना मीठो रहेछ।
밖에 비 오더라.
It was raining outside, I saw.
बाहिर पानी परिरहेको रहेछ।
-(으)ㄴ/는 한
Intermediateजबसम्म / ...भएसम्म
As long as
Examples
제가 있는 한 걱정하지 마세요.
As long as I'm here, don't worry.
म भएसम्म चिन्ता नगर्नुस्।
살아 있는 한 희망은 있어요.
As long as we're alive, there is hope.
बाँचुन्जेल आशा हुन्छ।
포기하지 않는 한 기회는 있어요.
As long as you don't give up, there's a chance.
हार नमानुन्जेल मौका हुन्छ।
노력하는 한 실력은 늘 거예요.
As long as you make an effort, your skills will improve.
प्रयास गरुन्जेल सीप बढ्नेछ।
비가 오지 않는 한 경기는 계속돼요.
As long as it doesn't rain, the game continues.
पानी नपरेसम्म खेल जारी रहन्छ।